What Stocks Does Congress Own: 2026 Report
Between January 2025 and February 2026, our research team compiled congressional stock trading data from 14,451 disclosed transactions filed under the STOCK Act, analyzing holdings reported by 533 members of the 119th Congress through annual financial disclosures and periodic transaction reports. We examined trading volume, asset allocation patterns, sector preferences, individual stock concentrations, and performance metrics across both chambers of Congress. This dataset encompasses transaction values totaling $720 million, stock ownership rates by party affiliation, committee assignment correlations, and STOCK Act compliance violations. This report presents the most current congressional stock ownership benchmarks available as of February 2026.
Congressional Stock Ownership — 119th Congress
The following table presents stock ownership patterns across Congress:
| Category | House Representatives | Senate Members | Total Members | Percentage of Congress |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Own Individual Stocks | 202 | 56 | 258 | 48% |
| Own Only Mutual Funds/ETFs | 201 | 42 | 243 | 46% |
| No Stock/Fund Holdings | 30 | 2 | 32 | 6% |
| Qualified Blind Trust | 1 | 6 | 7 | 1% |
| Stocks + Funds Combined | 171 | 78 | 249 | 47% |
Source: Campaign Legal Center Congressional Stock Trading Report
[1]
Nearly half of Congress (48%) owns individual stocks, representing 258 members across both chambers. The House accounts for 202 stock-owning representatives, while the Senate contains 56 members with individual holdings. An additional 46% hold only widely diversified investment vehicles like mutual funds, ETFs, and pensions, avoiding individual stock conflicts. Just 6% of Congress—primarily 30 House members and 2 senators—maintain no stock market exposure whatsoever.
Qualified blind trusts, which remove direct knowledge and control of specific holdings, remain rare with only 7 members utilizing this conflict-avoidance mechanism. The overlap between individual stocks and diversified funds affects 249 members (47%), indicating many lawmakers maintain both concentrated positions and index-based portfolios. This dual approach suggests portfolio diversification strategies that maintain specific sector exposures while hedging through broad market funds.
Congressional Trading Volume — 2021–2025
This table tracks annual trading activity and participation rates:
| Year | Total Trades | Trading Volume | Active Members | Average Trade Value | Mega-Trades ($1M+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 10,413 | $583.98M | 138 | $56,084 | 47 |
| 2022 | 14,752 | $610.77M | 154 | $41,405 | 52 |
| 2023 | 11,253 | $890.89M | 131 | $79,177 | 89 |
| 2024 | 9,812 | $724.41M | 125 | $73,834 | 71 |
| 2025 | 14,451 | $720.42M | 140 | $49,859 | 62 |
Source: Capitol Trades 2026 Analysis
[2],
Unusual Whales Congress Trading Report
[3]
Congressional trading activity surged 47% in 2025, reaching 14,451 transactions—the highest count since 2022. However, trading volume remained relatively flat at $720.42 million, down slightly from 2024’s $724.41 million, indicating a shift toward smaller, more frequent trades rather than large block transactions. Active participants increased from 125 to 140 members, representing the broadest trading base since 2022.
Average trade value declined from $73,834 in 2024 to $49,859 in 2025, suggesting lawmakers favored incremental position adjustments over concentrated bets. Mega-trades above $1 million dropped to 62 instances—the lowest since 2021—as members appeared to navigate market volatility with more cautious allocation strategies. The 2023 peak of $890.89 million coincided with tech sector rallies and AI infrastructure investments, while 2025’s elevated transaction count occurred amid tariff uncertainty, crypto legislation, and Federal Reserve rate cuts.
Most-Traded Stocks by Congress — 2025
The following table presents the top individual stocks held and traded by members:
| Stock | Ticker | Buy Volume | Sell Volume | Net Position | Key Congressional Traders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nvidia | NVDA | $11.6M | $4.6M | +$7.0M (net buy) | Nancy Pelosi, Michael McCaul, Cleo Fields, Lisa McClain |
| Microsoft | MSFT | $6.6M | $5.7M | +$0.9M (net buy) | Michael McCaul, Cleo Fields, Josh Gottheimer |
| Alphabet (Google) | GOOG | $3.8M | $8.2M | -$4.4M (net sell) | Ro Khanna, Cleo Fields, Gil Cisneros |
| Amazon | AMZN | $3.9M | $1.9M | +$2.0M (net buy) | Multiple members across committees |
| Apple | AAPL | $3.7M | $3.8M | -$0.1M (net sell) | Diversified across 80+ members |
Sources: Unusual Whales 2025 Report
[3],
The Motley Fool Congressional Trading Analysis
[2],
Capitol Trades
[2]
Nvidia dominated congressional portfolios with $11.6 million in purchase volume—more than double any competing stock—while experiencing just $4.6 million in sales for a net accumulation of $7.0 million. Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX), Co-Chair of the Congressional Semiconductor Caucus, disclosed $1.1 million in NVDA transactions while championing chip policy legislation. Newly elected Rep. Cleo Fields (D-LA) entered Congress as the top buyer with $24.2 million in total purchases, heavily weighting Nvidia alongside Microsoft and Alphabet.
Microsoft maintained steady net-buying at $6.6 million in purchases versus $5.7 million in sales, positioning it as the second-most popular tech holding. Alphabet experienced significant rotation with $8.2 million in exits against just $3.8 million in acquisitions, reflecting profit-taking following the stock’s 2024 AI rally. Apple and Amazon showed relatively balanced two-way flow, suggesting these positions serve as core portfolio holdings subject to periodic rebalancing rather than directional bets.
Former Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) continued her options-heavy strategy with $2.6 million in traded value, focusing on Nvidia and Vistra Corp (VST) call options. Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) led all members with 4,284 individual transactions—though his office maintains these trades occur in his spouse’s independently managed portfolio.
Congressional Trading by Sector — 2025
This table shows sector allocation and directional flows:
| Sector | Buy Volume | Sell Volume | Net Flow | Republican Net | Democrat Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | $41.8M | $45.3M | -$3.5M (sell) | -$16.0M (sell) | +$13.0M (buy) |
| Financial Services | $12.6M | $25.8M | -$13.2M (sell) | -$12.0M (sell) | -$1.2M (sell) |
| Healthcare | $13.7M | $18.7M | -$5.0M (sell) | -$2.8M (sell) | -$2.2M (sell) |
| Consumer Cyclical | $12.5M | $18.3M | -$5.8M (sell) | -$3.4M (sell) | -$2.4M (sell) |
| Industrials | $11.2M | $16.3M | -$5.1M (sell) | -$2.7M (sell) | -$2.4M (sell) |
| Communication Services | $8.8M | $15.3M | -$6.5M (sell) | -$11.8M (sell) | +$5.3M (buy) |
| Energy | $3.9M | $5.5M | -$1.6M (sell) | -$0.9M (sell) | -$0.7M (sell) |
Source: Unusual Whales Congress Trading Report 2025
[3]
Technology stocks experienced net selling of $3.5 million despite remaining the highest-volume sector, with Republicans driving $16 million in exits while Democrats added $13 million in new positions. This partisan divergence reflects distinct macroeconomic views: GOP members rotated from growth stocks into bonds and municipal securities, while Democrats maintained tech exposure betting on AI infrastructure buildouts and continued software demand.
Financial Services saw the heaviest aggregate selling at $13.2 million net outflow, led by exits from insurance companies ($11.3M sold vs. $3.8M bought) and Goldman Sachs. Sen. Dave McCormick (R-PA), member of the Senate Banking Committee, disclosed selling up to $5 million in Goldman Sachs stock—one of 2025’s largest individual sector moves. Healthcare, Consumer Cyclical, and Industrials all showed moderate net selling between $5-6 million, suggesting broad portfolio de-risking amid tariff uncertainty and market volatility.
Communication Services posted $6.5 million in net selling, driven entirely by Republican exits of $11.8 million while Democrats purchased $5.3 million. The partisan split mirrors divergent views on tech platform regulation, social media oversight, and content moderation policies where committee assignments align with trading activity.
Top Congressional Stock Traders — 2025
The following table ranks the most active members by transaction volume:
| Rank | Member | Party | Total Trades | Buy Volume | Sell Volume | Net Trading Volume | Portfolio Return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rep. Ro Khanna (CA-17) | D | 4,284 | $32.4M | $27.2M | $59.6M | +18.3% |
| 2 | Rep. Lisa McClain (MI-9) | R | 1,381 | $6.7M | $6.1M | $12.8M | +24.1% |
| 3 | Rep. Michael McCaul (TX-10) | R | 1,059 | $23.5M | $56.2M | $79.7M | +19.7% |
| 4 | Rep. Jefferson Shreve (IN-6) | R | 625 | $62.3M | $88.6M | $150.9M | +31.4% |
| 5 | Rep. Cleo Fields (LA-6) | D | 418 | $24.2M | $1.9M | $26.1M | +44.8% |
| 6 | Sen. Richard Blumenthal (CT) | D | 450 | $43.2M | $42.5M | $85.7M | +27.9% |
| 7 | Rep. Gil Cisneros (CA-31) | D | 826 | $11.8M | $10.6M | $22.4M | +15.6% |
| 8 | Rep. Josh Gottheimer (NJ-5) | D | 391 | $10.4M | $9.7M | $20.1M | +13.3% |
Sources: Capitol Trades 2026
[2],
Unusual Whales 2025 Report
[3]
Rep. Ro Khanna maintained his position as Congress’s highest-frequency trader with 4,284 transactions totaling $59.6 million in value. His office has repeatedly stated these trades occur in his spouse’s portfolio managed by third-party advisors, and Khanna co-sponsors the Restore Trust in Congress Act to ban congressional stock trading. Rep. Lisa McClain (R-MI) ranked second with 1,381 trades concentrated in semiconductor stocks including TSMC and Nvidia.
Rep. Jefferson Shreve (R-IN) led all members in sell volume with $88.6 million in exits, generating the highest total trading volume at $150.9 million and achieving a 31.4% portfolio return. Newly elected Rep. Cleo Fields entered Congress as the top buyer with $24.2 million in purchases, heavily weighting Alphabet and Microsoft, and posted a remarkable 44.8% return in his first year—well above the S&P 500’s 16.8% benchmark.
Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) topped Senate trading with $85.7 million in total volume split almost evenly between buys ($43.2M) and sells ($42.5M), suggesting active portfolio rebalancing rather than directional positioning. Rep. Michael McCaul’s $79.7 million in volume included significant exits from Meta and Kraft Heinz while simultaneously allocating $12.2 million into municipal bond ETFs.
Congressional Portfolio Performance — 2025
This table shows top-performing members versus S&P 500 benchmark:
| Rank | Member | Party | 2025 Return | S&P 500 Spread | Top Holdings | Key Trades |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rep. Warren Davidson (R-OH) | R | +78.8% | +62.0% | GE, GE Vernova | Concentrated industrials bet |
| 2 | Rep. Donald Norcross (D-NJ) | D | +70.8% | +54.0% | Cigna, TD Bank | 2-stock minimalist portfolio |
| 3 | Rep. Terri Sewell (D-AL) | D | +67.9% | +51.1% | Nvidia, tech stocks | April NVDA purchase |
| 4 | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | R | +62.5% | +45.7% | GE, Caterpillar, Ford | Industrial rebound play |
| 5 | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) | D | +61.7% | +44.9% | Energy ETFs, gold, emerging markets | Diversified commodities |
| 6 | Rep. Cleo Fields (D-LA) | D | +44.8% | +28.0% | Alphabet, Microsoft, Nvidia | Tech-heavy first-year portfolio |
| — | Benchmark: S&P 500 | — | +16.8% | — | — | — |
| 429 | Rep. Chip Roy (R-TX) | R | -59.0% | -75.8% | Atlas Energy Solutions | Single-stock concentration risk |
Sources: Unusual Whales Congress Trading Report 2025
[3],
The Motley Fool Analysis
[2]
Only 100 of 311 disclosed portfolios (32.2%) beat the S&P 500’s 16.8% return in 2025—matching the success rate of professional fund managers. Rep. Warren Davidson achieved the top performance with a 78.8% gain through concentrated holdings in General Electric and GE Vernova, benefiting from the industrial sector’s recovery. Rep. Donald Norcross posted 70.8% returns with a minimalist two-stock portfolio of Cigna and Toronto-Dominion Bank.
Rep. Terri Sewell’s 67.9% return came from an April 2025 Nvidia purchase that capitalized on AI infrastructure demand, making her the only active 2025 trader in the top five performers. Republicans averaged 17.3% returns versus Democrats’ 14.4%, with both parties clustered tightly around the S&P 500 benchmark. This near-market performance contradicts theories of systematic insider trading advantages, suggesting most members lack actionable non-public information or face execution limitations that eliminate edge.
Concentration risk devastated bottom performers: Rep. Chip Roy lost 59% due to single-stock dependence on Atlas Energy Solutions, while Rep. Jim McGovern declined 33.9% holding only Owens Corning. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, despite 288 trades totaling $4.85 million, returned just 11.7%—underperforming the market through excessive diversification that diluted winners.
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